Based on the permanent values, it has been observed that the “technology (C7)” category performs a significant role in intensifying the WAAM-I4.0 integration adoption in the case of an organization, whereas the challenges category “pre-processing C3” requires less but significant attention while implementing WAAM in I4.0. GT approach helps in establishing the logical and systematic diagrammatic representation of entire integration systems in the form of interrelationships among various integration challenges. Potential 54 challenges of WAAM and I4.0 integration grouped in seven categories were recognized using literature review and expert opinion. Thus, in this study, an analysis of WAAM and I4.0 challenges has been done using the graph theory (GT) approach. ![]() However, it possesses several challenges in integration with I4.0 that need to be addressed for its smooth adoption in industries. Moreover, in comparison to other fusion processes, WAAM provides a higher deposition rate and substantial cost savings. Among additive manufacturing processes, wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has a wide range of applications in automotive industries. Additive manufacturing is recognized as an essential element in driving I4.0 in automotive industries. ![]() The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 (I4.0), is promoting the integration of advanced information technologies and smart production systems.
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